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Contrast therapy: what the research says

Guide · Recovery

Contrast therapy means alternating hot and cold, usually short rounds of each.

Studies find it eases soreness compared with doing nothing, but it works about as well as cold water alone, warm water, compression or an active cool-down.

Here's the evidence, the protocols the studies used, and how to try it safely.

What the evidence says

  • A review of 18 trials found contrast water therapy reduced soreness and strength loss more than resting for up to four days after exercise, but no more than cold water, warm water, compression, active recovery or stretching. All the trials were at high risk of bias.
  • A review of team-sport studies found it reduced how tired players felt, but not soreness or muscle recovery.
  • These studies used hot and cold water. We found no controlled trials of a sauna followed by a cold plunge, the way most people do it at a club.

The protocols studies used

HotCold
TemperatureAbout 36 to 45°CAbout 8 to 15°C
Time per round1 to 3 minutesAbout 1 minute
Total6 to 24 minutesAlternating

How people do it at a club

  • Sauna, then a short cold plunge, then rest, two or three times.
  • Keep the cold rounds short, especially at first.
  • Finish on whichever feels right to you; studies vary.

Stay safe

  • Talk to your doctor first if you're pregnant, have a heart condition or high or low blood pressure, have Raynaud's, or take medication that affects your heart, blood pressure or sweating.
  • Skip it after drinking alcohol. In Finland, half of sauna deaths involved alcohol.
  • Drink water before and after, cool down gradually, and get out if you feel dizzy or unwell.
  • Never cold plunge alone. The first breath in cold water is a gasp, and fitness doesn't protect you from it.
  • Going from cold straight into a hot sauna can make some people faint, says Health Canada. Move slowly between them.

At Volta

Volta's wellness hub is planned with a sauna, a cold plunge and a jacuzzi beside the 24/7 gym, included on every membership. Read more on sauna benefits and cold plunge benefits.

Sources

  1. Bieuzen, Bleakley and Costello, PLOS ONE, 2013: contrast water therapy and recovery doi.org
  2. Higgins, Greene and Baker, Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2017: recovery in team sports doi.org
  3. Versey et al., Sports Medicine, 2013: water immersion protocols doi.org
  4. Health Canada: Extreme Heat Events Guidelines canada.ca
Questions

Questions we hear a lot

What is contrast therapy?
Alternating hot and cold, usually short rounds of each, such as a sauna and a cold plunge.
Does contrast therapy work?
Studies find it eases soreness compared with resting, but about as well as cold water alone or an active cool-down.
How long should each round be?
In studies, about 1 minute cold and 1 to 3 minutes hot, for 6 to 24 minutes in total.

Train, then recover, at Volta.

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